Improving the quality of hospital services: how diverse groups of consumers prefer to be involved.

Consumer participation in hospitals is increasingly being advocated for as a way to contribute to improving safety and quality. This article reports on the results of a study conducted to investigate if, and how, a range of consumers would prefer to be involved in improving the quality of hospital services. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 100 users of a hospital, telephone interviews were conducted with 2,005 members of the broader South Australian community, focus groups were conducted with 22 representatives of consumer and community groups and in-depth interviews conducted with four representatives who could not attend the focus groups. The results indicate that for users of the hospital and members of the broader community, there is a significant preference to be involved in more passive methods of participation that are initiated by the hospital, such as written and phone surveys. This is preferable to writing letters of complaint or compliment, participating in more active methods that require one-off commitment (focus groups and public planning forums) and ongoing commitment such as being members of working groups to address specific issues and hospital committees. In contrast, representatives of consumer and community groups have a strong preference to be involved in active methods of participation such as working groups to address specific issues and hospital committees. We found that there are considerable differences between age groups and educational attainment and preference for participation. If these issues are not taken into account, and a range of participation methods used, then there is the potential for some population groups to be excluded from having some input into improving the safety and quality of hospital services.